Razor  blades

ABSTRACT

The invention discloses a novel solution and process comprising a modified solvent for providing enhanced blade edge attributes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to razor blades, and more particularly tocoatings on razor blade cutting edges and manufacture thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is generally known in the prior art that a wet razor assembled withfluoropolymer coated blades outperforms a razor assembled withoutfluoropolymer-coated blades. One of the most common fluoropolymersutilized for coating razor blades is polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE (ora form of TEFLON®). The addition of PTFE (e.g., telomer) coating to theblade cutting edge dramatically reduces the cutting force values forbeard hairs or other types of hair fibers. A reduced cutting force isdesirable as it significantly improves shaving attributes includingsafety, closeness and comfort. Such known PTFE-coated blade edges aredescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,071,856.

There are many types of coating processes that could be utilized toproduce polymer coated (e.g., PTFE) coated blade edges. Some processesinvolve aqueous dispersion of the PTFE and some involve organicdispersion of the PTFE. Aqueous dispersion processes may includespraying, spin coating and dipping. PTFE may also be deposited on bladeedges using vacuum based processes such as sputtering or thermalChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). However, when quality, cost andenvironmental issues are considered, the spraying of an aqueous PTFEdispersion is typically desired. PTFE dispersion in an organic solventis also a known process in the art. This type of dispersion may includefor example, Dupont's Vydax 100 in isopropanol as described in U.S. Pat.No. 5,477,756.

Regardless of whether an aqueous or organic based dispersion isutilized, if a spraying process is utilized along with a subsequentsintering process, a non-uniform surface morphology, on a microscopicscale, is generally produced on blade edges and in the area proximal tothe ultimate blade tips which is a drawback.

There is a need for an improved, effective method and apparatus toproduce desirable blade edges with improved shaving attributes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a method of treating one or morepolyfluorocarbon coated razor blades comprising the steps of contactingat least one polyfluorocarbon coated razor blade with a solution ofC₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or more defluorination compounds. The one or morecompounds comprise C₁₄F_(n where n=)10 to 23. The one or more compoundscomprise one or more of the following compounds: C₁₄F₁₀, C₁₄F₁₄, orC₁₄F₁₈ or any combination thereof. The solution comprisesperfluoroperhydrophenanthrene.

In one aspect, a concentration of any one of the compounds in thesolution is less than or equal to about one part per million. Theconcentration of the C₁₄F₁₈ compound in the solvent is about 0.05% toabout 1.0%, the concentration of the C₁₄F₁₄ compound in the solvent isabout 0.05% to about 1.0%, and the concentration of the C₁₄F₁₀ compoundin the solvent is about 0.05% to about 1.0%. The concentration of theone or more C₁₄F_(n)compounds ranges from about 0.05% to about 3%.

In another aspect, the step of contacting is repeated up to about 100times. The contacting step is applied for a time ranging from about 30seconds to about 1 hour. The contacting step is at a temperature rangeof about 500° F. to about 700° F. The contacting step is applied to thecoating after the polyfluorocarbon coating has been sprayed, sintered orany combination thereof.

In yet another aspect, the method further comprises the step ofremoving, none of, portions of, or all of the contacted coated bladeedges from the solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or more defluorinationcompounds. Still further, the method comprises the step of providinguncontacted coated razor blade edges in the solution of C₁₄F₂₄comprising one or more defluorination compounds.

In another aspect of the invention, the contact step further comprisesplacing the blades in a vessel, sealing the vessel, placing the solutionin the vessel, heating the vessel, removing the solvent, and cooling theblades. The contacting step partially removes the coating of the coatedrazor blades.

In a further aspect, the solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or moredefluorination compounds further comprises PTFE.

The solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or more defluorination compoundsfurther comprises iron, carbon-based steel, stainless-steel, orparticles, surfaces or compounds thereof. The solution further has ayellow color.

In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a solution fortreating one or more coated razor blades the solution comprising ayellow color.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of treatingone or more polyfluorocarbon coated razor blades comprising contactingat least one polyfluorocarbon coated razor blade with a solutioncomprising one or more defluorination compounds. The solution is C₁₄F₂₄.The one or more defluorination compounds comprise C₁₄F_(n) wherein n=10to 23.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materialssimilar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in thepractice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods andmaterials are described below. All publications, patent applications,patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated byreference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the presentspecification, including definitions, will control. In addition, thematerials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intendedto be limiting.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing detailed description, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing outand distinctly claiming the subject matter that is regarded as thepresent invention, it is believed that the invention will be more fullyunderstood from the following description taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram depicting a thinning process using FLUTEC®technology.

FIG. 2 is a schematic of a process in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 2A is a close up view of aspects of FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the novel process of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a chemical structure of an exemplary solvent of the presentinvention.

FIG. 5 depicts chemical structures of defluorination compounds of thepresent invention.

FIG. 6 depicts chromatographic overlay spectrums showing the presence ofthe compounds of the present invention.

FIG. 7 depicts expanded chromatographic overlay spectrums showing thepresence of the compounds of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a graph of the wool felt cutter force values distributionversus the number of runs of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an illustration depicting the novel solvent of the presentinvention.

FIG. 10 are photos of samples of the novel solvent of the presentinvention.

The patent or application file contains at least one photograph executedin color. Copies of this patent or patent application with colorphotograph(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment ofthe necessary fee.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a novel solvent and process to provideimproved blade edges.

The present invention relates to razor blade cutting edges which areformed such that they exhibit an improvement in shaving attributes. Oneprincipal aspect of the invention is directed towards producing a novelsolvent having formed a thin coating on the blade edge with a lowcutting force and low friction. The term “thin” refers to the thicknessof the coating on a razor blade edge of the present invention.Generally, the thinner the coating becomes on blade edges, the lower thecutting force and the better the shaving attributes. A commonly utilizedmaterial for blade edge coating is a type of fluoropolymer, namelypolytetratfluoroethylene, or PTFE. As such, PTFE will be referencedthroughout the description of the instant invention but not to theexclusion of any other materials which may be substituted substantiallyequivalently.

Too thin PTFE coatings on blade edges can give rise to poor coverage andlow wear resistance due to intrinsic properties of the polymer (e.g.,PTFE) material. Alternatively, a too thick PTFE coating may produce veryhigh initial cutting force values, which generally may lead to moredrag, pull, and tug, eventually losing cutting efficiency andsubsequently shaving comfort.

One approach has been the application of LUTEC® technology as describedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,985,459, assigned to the Assignee hereof and hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety, which is capable of reducingthe thickness (e.g., or thinning) a relatively thick PTFE coatingproduced by a spray and sintering process. This process, as shown inFIG. 1 depicts a flow 10 where blade 12 which has sprayed PTFE particles11 coated on and around its tip 13 is sintered as shown at step 14 withArgon at about 1 atmospheric pressure (1 atm) and at a temperature ofabout 330 degrees Celsius (° C.) to about 370° C. to produce a sinteredPTFE coating 16. The FLUTEC® technology as shown at step 17 issubsequently placed on coating 16 to produce a thinned PTFE coating 18.This typically includes soaking the PTFE coated blades 16 in a solventunder elevated temperatures of about 270° C. to about 370° C. and at apressure of about 3 atm to about 6 atm. The solvent employed in theFLUTEC® process may include perfluoroalkanes, perfluorocycloalkanes, orperfluoropolyethers.

The present invention overcomes the technical challenge of balancing theattributes of the polymer material with obtaining the most desirablethin coating possible to provide improved shaving attributes. In aparticular embodiment, the present invention provides improved FLUTEC®technology processes and an improved FLUTEC® solvent. As noted forinstance in U.S. Pat. No. 5,985,459, blades are immersed in a Flutecoligomer, such as Flutec PP11, or perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene for acouple minutes or more and heated under pressure. This solution treatsthe blades by partially removing the coating on the blades.Specifically, the coating that is removed is generally the outercoating, typically the soft, lubricious coating (e.g., a polymericmaterial, such as PTFE) which was previously sprayed on or may besprayed and sintered, if desired.

The present invention however recognizes that the initial use of theFLUTEC® solvent (or equivalent) is generally not entirely effective atimproving the blade edge attributes desired, such as wool felt cut forcevalues. It was surprisingly found that, in some instances, the initialuse of the Flutec had a negative impact when wool felt cut force testvalues were obtained on the blade edge.

The present invention blades are processed or “run” through the same,already-utilized FLUTEC® solvent solution, one or several times,sometimes on the order of 50, 80 or 100 times (or in a range from about1 to about 100 “runs”). This novel process unexpectedly achieved animproved wool felt cut force on the blade edges. Furthermore, it wasonly after several, sometimes on the order of 50, 80 or 100 “runs” (orin a range of about 1 to about 100 “runs”), of the blades through thesame, already-utilized FLUTEC® solvent, that the desirable wool felt cutforce values obtained were maintained (e.g., stable) or replicated insubsequent runs.

Thus, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, a “processed” or modified FLUTEC® solvent is provided whichis very effective at providing enhanced blade edge attributes, such aswool felt cut force values. It was also startling that the modifiedFLUTEC® solvent had one or more compounds which were recognized asproviding the added benefit to the solution. These compounds of thepresent invention which will be described herein will be referred to asdefluorination compounds and are in concentrations of less than 1 partsper million. In addition to these compounds, portions or particles ofthe removed blade edge coating, and in particular the Teflon or PTFEcoating and iron, carbon-based steel, stainless-steel, or particles,surfaces or compounds thereof may also be present in the novel solvent.

The present invention contemplates a doping of, or adding to, a FLUTEC®solvent (original or modified), with original FLUTEC® solvent, one ormore defluorination compounds, Teflon or PTFE, and/or iron, carbon-basedsteel, stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compounds.

All percentages and ratios described herein are on a weight basis unlessotherwise indicated.

As used herein, the term “razor blade edge” or “razor blade cuttingedge” or “blade edge” includes the cutting point and facets of theblade.

As used herein, a “solution” is a homogeneous mixture signifying thatcomponents are mixed together. A “solution” is made up of a solute,which is the substance being dissolved. A “solvent” is the substance inthe largest amount into which the solute is dissolved. The solution ofthe present invention preferably comprises a Flutec solvent or amodified Flutec solvent comprising other compounds, components, solutes,or combination thereof. A solute of the present invention preferablycomprises one or more defluorination compounds, PTFE, or iron,carbon-based steel, stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compoundsthereof. The ideal modified Flutec solution of the present invention isa type of solvent-solution and as such the term solvent and solution maybe used interchangeably herein.

As used herein, a “compound” is defined as an impurity, a dopant, areaction byproduct, a breakdown product or any combination thereof.

In the present invention, blade attributes can be measured using varioustests. Measuring cutting force correlates with sharpness of blades. Theblade sharpness of the treated blades may be quantified by testing theblades for cutting force. Cutting force is determined by the wool feltcutter test, which measures the cutting force values of the blade bymeasuring the force required by each blade to cut through wool felt.Each blade is run through a wool felt cutter 5 times and the force ofeach cut (e.g., in pounds) is measured on a recorder. The lowest of 5cuts is defined as the cutting force. In the present invention, woolfelt cutter tests are preferably performed on the blades or a sample ofthe blades after each treatment or run. Other tests such as silicon oildrop tests and microscopy elevation evaluations are also contemplated inthe present invention for determining blade attributes.

As shown in FIG. 2, a schematic of the novel process 20 of the presentinvention is provided. FIG. 3 shows a complementary flow diagram 30 ofthe novel process of the present invention. There are several razorblade stacks 22 in FIG. 2 which each include individual razor blades 22a, as shown in close-up view of FIG. 2A. Initially, these blades aredisposed in a container 24. Some blade stacks 22 of the presentinvention may have up to 5000 blades disposed adjacent to each other.There may be from one to about 50 or more blade stacks prepared forprocessing in the present invention. These prepared blades are desirablycoated with a soft, lubricous layer of a polymer, preferably apolyfluorocarbon, such as telomer or polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE.Coated blades are indicated at step 31 of flow diagram 30 in FIG. 3. Thecoating process may have occurred by spraying, or by spraying andsintering, though any feasible application of this coating on the bladeedges is contemplated in the present invention. For instance, it may bedeposited initially by any method, including but not limited to,dipping, spin coating, sputtering, or thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD).

One or more of the prepared razor blade stacks 22 with a plurality ofcoated blades 22 a are placed into a vessel 26. A solvent 25 is thenplaced into the vessel 26. This is also indicated in flow step 32 ofFIG. 3. The types of solvents that can be used for this process can beselected based on polyfluorocarbon solvency, dissolution temperature,polarity and other parameters, for instance, as disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 5,985,459.

A preferred formula of the present invention solvent is C₁₄F₂₄. Anystructure with this formula is contemplated in the present invention.One exemplary compound structure 42 of the C₁₄F₂₄ solvent of the presentinvention is shown in FIG. 4. One preferred solvent of the presentinvention is a perfluorotetradecahydrophenanthrene. A preferred brandname of a solvent for use in the present invention is FLUTEC®. Apreferred type of FLUTEC® solvent is Flutec PP-11.

The Flutec solvent 25 in its original or unmodified state may beconsidered a “virgin” or a starting state solvent in that it is thesolvent as received from the supplier. This original Flutec solvent isthen heated to a temperature to thin and/or dissolve the polymer coatingon the blade edge. In the present invention, a preferable temperature toheat the solvent ranges from about 500 degrees to about 700 degreesFahrenheit, and preferably about 618 degrees Fahrenheit. The blades arepreferably disposed in the heated solvent, desirably in a sealed vessel26, for a time ranging from about 30 seconds to about 1 hour, andpreferably for a time of about 90 seconds. To remove the blades from thevessel, the solvent may desirably be evacuated from the vessel and theblades may desirably be cooled.

The term “run” as used in the present invention, preferably includes,but is not limited to, the steps of placing the blades in a vessel,sealing the vessel, placing the solvent in the vessel, heating thevessel in order to heat the solvent for a certain amount of time,removing the modified solvent, cooling the blades, and removing theblades for testing. In alternate embodiments of the present invention a“run” may not include all the steps above, or a run may include adifferent order of steps.

Under these conditions, the blades are treated, (e.g., at step 33 ofFIG. 3) such that there is a partial removal of the PTFE coating fromthe blade edges. As mentioned, this removal is generally desirable toreduce, dissolve, or thin the coating on the blade edge. Accordingly,the coated razor blade edges have been modified and these modifiedblades 22 a′ are referenced in FIG. 2. In addition, the Flutec solvent25 has also been modified, now solvent 25′ in FIG. 2, as it now includesat least portions or particles of the removed blade edge coating, and inparticular the Teflon or PTFE coating.

The PTFE portions or particles will desirably be dissolved in the Flutecsolution. This modified Flutec solvent 25′ is indicated in FIG. 2 forexample.

In accordance with a novel aspect of the preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 by arrows 27 and 37,respectively, this modified Flutec solution 25′ will be reused one ormore times. The modified solvent 25′ will preferably be reused with noneof, a portion of, or all of the modified blades 22 a′ on the blade stack22.

Blades will be treated and/or re-treated in the modified Flutec solvent.The present invention contemplates several “blade” scenarios forre-treatment in the modified solvent. In some instances, as indicated atstep 38 of FIG. 3, it may be desirable to keep treating the same blades(e.g., same blade stack). In others, as indicated at step 38 of FIG. 3,it may be desirable, after one or more runs, to remove the modifiedblade stack and replace it with a new blade stack of blades coated withtelomer (e.g., freshly sprayed blades and/or freshly sprayed andsintered). Further still, as indicated at step 38 of FIG. 3, it may bedesirable to have a combination of freshly sprayed blades and/or freshlysprayed and sintered blades which have not yet been treated with thesolvent along with blades that have been treated (e.g., blades that areon the stack that have undergone one or more treatments) and thus, areconsidered modified blades having had PTFE removal. Further still, asindicated in FIG. 2, PTFE or other polymers 28 and/or original Flutecsolvent 29, may be added directly into the Flutec solvent. Thus, asshown in FIG. 2 or 3, polymers 28, original Flutec solvent 29, iron,carbon-based steel, stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compoundsthereof 21, and/or one or more defluorination compounds 23 may be addedin any amounts and at any time during any one of the process stepsdescribed herein including right at the outset into solvent 25. Thisaspect of adding polymer or PTFE 28 and original Flutec solvent 29 andthese other compounds is also shown in FIG. 3 at step 38 flowing fromarrow 37.

With each subsequent solvent treatment or run (e.g., use and reuse ofthe modified Flutec solution) more and more portions of the remainingPTFE coating from the blade edges were removed. This again modifies thecoated razor blade edges (e.g., thinner coating) and again modifies theFlutec solution (e.g., additional particles of the removed blade edgecoating are dissolved in the modified Flutec solution).

As the solvent solution is modified, the color of the solventunexpectedly changes. The color is different from the color of theoriginal Flutec. The color changes from a clear and untinted (e.g.,water like) color when the solvent is in its original or “virgin” state,to a range of pale yellow (e.g., urine-like) color to yellow color whenthe solvent is in its ideal modified state. In some cases, the solventis a yellow-brown color.

After one or several runs, blade attributes may be tested. This occursfor instance at testing step 35 of FIG. 3. One known blade attribute issharpness. As noted above, measuring cutting force correlates withsharpness. The blade sharpness of the treated blades may be quantifiedby testing the blades for cutting force. Cutting force is measured bythe wool felt cutter test, which measures the cutting force values ofthe blade by measuring the force required by each blade to cut throughwool felt. Each blade is run through a wool felt cutter 5 times and theforce of each cut (e.g., in pounds) is measured on a recorder. Thelowest of 5 cuts is defined as the cutting force. In the presentinvention, wool felt cutter tests are preferably performed on the bladesor a sample of the blades after each treatment or run.

Other known tests such as silicon oil drop tests and microscopyelevation evaluations are also contemplated in the present invention fordetermining blade attributes.

It was not clearly understood or obvious that a reuse of a solution thathas a quantity of Teflon or PTFE dissolved or otherwise present in itwould provide an effective solvent.

The modified Flutec solution of the present invention is alsosurprisingly comprised of one or more defluorination compounds whichwill be discussed below in more detail. These one or more defluorinationcompounds may be in a homogeneous solution with the Flutec solvent. Themodified Flutec solution may also be comprised of iron, carbon-basedsteel, stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compounds thereof(e.g., iron compounds Fe₂O₃). These latter elements, particles,compounds or surfaces may be originating from the razor blades or thevessel if the vessel is comprised of steel. For instance, the presenceof iron may be a catalyst producing the beneficial one or moredefluorination compounds when the iron is in contact with the Flutecsolution (whether modified solution or not). The modified Flutecsolution is also preferably comprised of a yellow color.

These novel aspects of the modified Flutec solution will be discussedbelow.

Further, it is contemplated in the present invention that the Flutecsolvent 25 (original Flutec solvent) can be doped with solid particlesof polyfluorocarbon, such as Teflon or PTFE.

It is also contemplated in the present invention that the Flutec solvent25 (original Flutec solvent) can be doped with one or moredefluorination compounds.

It is also contemplated in the present invention that the Flutec solvent25 (original Flutec solvent) can be doped with iron, carbon-based steel,stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compounds thereof (e.g., ironcompounds Fe₂O₃).

An illustration depicting a vessel 26 comprising the preferred idealmodified Flutec solution 25′ of the present invention comprisingdefluorination compounds, PTFE portions or particles, and with iron,carbon-based steel, stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compoundsthereof (e.g., iron compounds Fe₂O₃), is shown in FIG. 9. Though notshown, the ideal modified solution 25′ may only include one or moredefluorination compounds or only PTFE or only iron, carbon-based steel,stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compounds thereof, or anycombination thereof.

It was also not recognized that the reuse of a solvent would modify itin such a way that new structures would be provided, such as thedefluorination compounds or iron or iron compounds, to name a few ofthose described herein, and that these structures or particles wouldprovide an effective solvent.

In the present invention, preferably several treatments or runs (e.g.,modifications of the blades and solvent) in the modified solvent arerequired to obtain desirable blades (e.g., wool felt cut force values inthe range of about 0.7 lbs to about 1.4 lbs for 5 cuts on a final set ofblades). Once blades with acceptable attributes are produced, the reuseof there is no need to further treat the solvent. The solution thatproduces those desirable blades is considered to comprise an idealmodified solvent. This solution can be desirably used for bladeproduction on a much larger scale as indicated at step 36 in FIG. 3.

In the present invention, the number of runs to obtain a desirable woolfelt cut force on the blades and hence, a desirable solution or theideal modified solvent, can range from one up to about 100 runs.

Turning to FIG. 8, a distribution of wool felt cut force values over thecourse of many runs of the present invention process to produce thenovel solvent is shown in chart 80. This chart 80 depicts the number of“runs” 81 or the number of times the blades were treated and modified inthe solvent as related to wool felt cut force values 83. It can be seenfrom the chart, that after several initial runs, the wool felt cut forcevalues in area 82 of the chart 80 are generally about 1.6 pounds (lbs.),which are generally not desirable cutting force values. After about35-45 runs or treatments, the wool felt cut force values shown in area84 unexpectedly and undesirably increase, generally ranging from about1.6 lbs to about 1.8 lbs. It can be seen in FIG. 8 at chart area 86,that effectively almost about 80 “runs” were necessary to obtain andmaintain the desired wool felt cut force values (e.g., about 1.2 lbs.)on the blades. While 80 runs are shown in this chart, in otherinstances, it may be that less than 80 runs are required to achievedesired wool felt cut values on the blades or it may that more than 80runs are required to achieve desired wool felt cut values on the blades.

Accordingly, referring back to flow process 30 in FIG. 3, it should benoted that at the point when desirable cut force values are obtainedafter testing step 35, a final set of blades are removed from the vessel16 so that the solvent itself can be kept and utilized at step 36 withnew batches of blades from container 24 (e.g., production).

Defluorination Compounds

As described herein, the present invention original solvent ispreferably comprised of a compound having the molecular formula C₁₄F₂₄with an exemplary structure 42 shown in FIG. 4, though otherstereoisomers and structural isomers of this formula are contemplated inthe present invention.

As also described herein, the modified solvent of the present inventionis desirably comprised of one or more defluorination compounds. Thesecompounds are obtained in the solvent after one or more iterations or“runs” of treatment, preferably 1 to about 100 iterations or “runs” oftreatment, more preferably 30 to 90 iterations and most preferably about50 to 60 iterations.

The present invention one or more defluorination compounds comprise themolecular formula C₁₄F_(n) where the variable “n” has a value rangingfrom 10 to 23. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,exemplary defluorination compounds have the values for n equal to 10,14, and 18. The preferred defluorination compounds are comprised of oneor more of each of the following formulas, C₁₄F₁₀, C₁₄F₁₄, or C₁₄F₁₈, orany combination thereof. In an alternate preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, there is only one defluorination compound comprisingthe molecular formula C₁₄F_(n) where the variable “n” has a valueranging from 10 to 23.

Exemplary defluorination compound structures of the present inventionfor the molecular formulas of C₁₄F₁₈, C₁₄F₁₄, and C₁₄F₁₀ are shown inFIG. 5 as structure 52, structure 54, and structure 56, respectively,though, for each, other stereoisomers and structural isomers of thesestructures are contemplated in the present invention.

If all these compound structures are observed in the modified solvent,they may represent the defluorination of, or the loss of, 6, 10, and 14fluorine atoms from the original solvent. The compounds may be presentat relative concentrations.

Any one of the one or more defluorination compounds in the solvent isless than or equal to about one part per million by weight ofcomposition of the total solvent.

A concentration of the C₁₄F₁₈ compound in the modified solvent is in therange of about 0.05% to about 1.0%, and preferably about 0.7%. Aconcentration of the C₁₄F₁₄ compound in the modified solvent is in therange of about 0.05% to about 1.0%, and preferably about 0.4%. Aconcentration of the C₁₄F₁₀ compound in the modified solvent is in therange of about 0.05% to about 1.0%, and preferably about 0.1%. If morethan one type of defluorination compound is present, the compounds mayeach be at about the same concentration levels in the modified solventor at different levels. For instance, in one embodiment, theconcentration of the C₁₄F₁₈ compound may be a larger concentration thanthe concentration of the C₁₄F₁₄ compound, and both these formerconcentrations may be larger than the concentration of the C₁₄F₁₀compound in the modified solvent.

FIG. 6 depicts chromatographic overlay spectrums 60 b and 60 crepresenting modified Flutec solution and a distilled Flutec solution,respectively, both showing the presence of the defluorination compoundsof formulas C₁₄F₁₈ and C₁₄F₁₄ depicted at peak 62 and peak 64,respectively, of the present invention solvent, whether in distilledsolvent or modified (e.g., broken-in) solvent. Also depicted in FIG. 6are peaks 66 for the original solvent C₁₄F₂₄. It is noted that, inspectrum 60 a, which represents the original unmodified Flutec solution,there are there are no peaks present besides peaks 66 which representthe original solvent, and hence it is recognized that no defluorinationcompounds are present in the original solvent.

FIG. 7 shows chromatographic overlay spectrums 70 b and 70 crepresenting modified Flutec solvent and a distilled Flutec solvent,respectively, both showing the presence of the defluorination compoundsof C₁₄F₁₈, C₁₄F₁₄, and C₁₄F₁₀ depicted at peak 72, peak 74, and peak 76,respectively, of the present invention solvent. It is noted that thereare no such peaks present, and hence no defluorination compounds, inspectrum 70 a also shown in FIG. 7 and which represents the original,“virgin” or unmodified Flutec solvent.

FIG. 9 depicts vessel 26 with modified Flutec solution 25′ in a novelstate. In its ideal modified state, the Flutec solution of the presentinvention comprises one or more defluorination compounds 92, 94, and 96as shown in FIG. 9. As described, the concentration of each type ofcompound ranges from about 0.05% to about 1.0%.

In another embodiment, the ideal modified Flutec solution of the presentinvention comprises a concentration of Teflon particles or PTFE 93 asshown in FIG. 9. The concentration of Teflon or PTFE particles may rangefrom about 50 ppm to about 1000 ppm.

In yet another embodiment, the ideal modified Flutec solution comprisesa concentration of iron, carbon-based steel, stainless-steel, orparticles, surfaces or compounds thereof 95 as shown in the illustrationin FIG. 9. The concentration of these particles may range from about 5ppm to about 1000 ppm.

In still another embodiment, the modified Flutec solution of the presentinvention comprises a yellow color. In FIG. 10, photos of severalsamples 100 a, 100 b, 100 c of the modified Flutec solution of thepresent invention, are shown, each having a yellow color 110 a, 110 b,110 c, respectively. It can be seen that yellow color 110 c is a lightertone than the yellow colors 110 a and 110 b of samples 100 a and 100 b,respectively.

In a preferred embodiment, the ideal Flutec solution of the presentinvention comprises one or more of the following: one or moredefluorination compounds, a concentration of Teflon particles rangingfrom about 50 ppm to about 1000 ppm, a concentration of iron,carbon-based steel, stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compoundsthereof from about 5 ppm to about 1000 ppm, a yellow color, or anycombination thereof.

Additionally, different dispersions or other forms of raw materials fromvarious vendors may be readily used to achieve thin and uniformcoatings.

The present invention contemplates applicability with otherfluoropolymers in addition to PTFE, including but not limited to PFA(perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin), FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene),ETFE (polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene), PVF (polyvinylfluoride), PVDF(polyvinyllidene fluoride), and ECTFE(polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene).

The present invention contemplates applicability with fluoropolymer(e.g., PTFE) composites, including, but not limited to PTFE/nanodiamond,PTFE/silica, PTFE/alumina, PTFE/silicone, PTFE/PEEK(polyetheretherketone), and PTFE/PFA.

Furthermore, the process of the present invention is not necessarilyconstrained to being applied to PTFE or PTFE type materials and may alsobe applicable to other non-fluoropolymer (e.g., non-PTFE) coatingmaterials, including, for instance, but not limited to,polyvinylpyrorridone (PVP), polyethylene, polypropylene, ultrahighmolecular weight polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, parylene and/orothers.

Additionally, the razor blade substrate may be comprised of steel withor without top layer coatings such as Chromium (Cr), Diamond-like Carbon(DLC), Amorphous Diamond, Chromium/Platinum (Cr/Pt) or other suitablematerials or combination of materials.

In another embodiment of the present invention it is contemplated thatthe blades may be used in conjunction with a dry shaver in addition to awet shaver where the cutter blades of the dry shaver are similarlyproduced as described herein.

It is further contemplated in yet another embodiment of the presentinvention that the present invention described above may be used inconjunction with blades that are implemented in medical or surgicalinstruments, such as surgical blades, scalpels, knives, forceps,scissors, shears, or the like or other non-surgical blades or cuttinginstruments.

Examples/Combinations:

A. A method of treating one or more polyfluorocarbon coated razor bladescomprising:

-   -   contacting at least one polyfluorocarbon coated razor blade with        a solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or more defluorination        compounds.

B. The method according to Paragraph A, wherein said one or morecompounds comprise C₁₄F_(n).

C. The method according to Paragraph A or B wherein n=10 to 23.

D. The method according to any one of paragraphs A to C wherein said oneor more compounds comprise one or more of the following compounds:C₁₄F₁₀, C₁₄F₁₄, or C₁₄F₁₈ or any combination thereof.

E. The method according to any one of paragraphs A to D wherein aconcentration of any one of the compounds in the solution is less thanor equal to about one part per million.

F. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinthe concentration of said C₁₄F₁₈ compound in said solvent is about 0.05%to about 1.0%, the concentration of said C₁₄F₁₄ compound in said solventis about 0.05% to about 1.0%, and the concentration of said C₁₄F₁₀compound in said solvent is about 0.05% to about 1.0%.

G. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinthe concentration of said one or more compounds of C₁₄F_(n) ranges fromabout 0.05% to about 3%.

H. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinsaid step of contacting is repeated up to about 100 times.

I. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinthe solution comprises perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene.

J. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinsaid contacting step is applied for a time ranging from about 30 secondsto about 1 hour.

K. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinsaid contacting step is at a temperature range of about 500° F. to about700° F.

L. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinsaid contacting step is applied to said coating after saidpolyfluorocarbon coating has been sprayed, sintered or any combinationthereof.

M. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs furthercomprising the step of removing, none of, portions of, or all of thecontacted coated blade edges from said solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising oneor more defluorination compounds.

N. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs furthercomprising the step of providing uncontacted coated razor blade edges insaid solution of C₁₄F₂₄ solvent comprising one or more defluorinationcompounds.

O. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinsaid contact step further comprises placing the blades in a vessel,sealing the vessel, placing the solution in the vessel, heating thevessel, removing the solvent, and cooling the blades.

P. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinsaid contacting step partially removes said coating of said coated razorblades.

Q. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs whereinsaid solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or more defluorination compoundsfurther comprises PTFE.

R. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, whereinsaid solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or more defluorination compoundsfurther comprises iron, carbon-based steel, stainless-steel, orparticles, surfaces or compounds thereof.

S. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, whereinsaid solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or more defluorination compoundsfurther comprises a yellow color.

T. A solution for treating one or more coated razor blades comprising ayellow color.

U. A method of treating one or more polyfluorocarbon coated razor bladescomprising:

contacting at least one polyfluorocarbon coated razor blade with asolution comprising one or more defluorination compounds.

V. The method according to Paragraph U wherein said solution is C₁₄F₂₄.

W. The method according to Paragraph U or V wherein said one or moredefluorination compounds comprise C₁₄F_(n) wherein n=10 to 23.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, inrelevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of anydocument is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior artwith respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of treating one or more polyfluorocarboncoated razor blades comprising: contacting at least one polyfluorocarboncoated razor blade with a solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or moredefluorination compounds.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said one ormore compounds comprise C₁₄F_(n).
 3. The method of claim 2 wherein n=10to
 23. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said one or more compoundscomprise one or more of the following compounds: C₁₄F₁₀, C₁₄F₁₄ , orC₁₄F₁₈ or any combination thereof.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein aconcentration of any one of the compounds in the solution is less thanor equal to about one part per million.
 6. The method of claim 4 whereinthe concentration of said C₁₄F₁₈ compound in said solvent is about 0.05%to about 1.0%, the concentration of said C₁₄F₁₄ compound in said solventis about 0.05% to about 1.0%, and the concentration of said C₁₄F₁₀compound in said solvent is about 0.05% to about 1.0%.
 7. The method ofclaim 2 wherein the concentration of said one or more compounds ofC₁₄F_(n) ranges from about 0.05% to about 3%.
 8. The method of claim 1wherein said step of contacting is repeated up to about 100 times. 9.The method of claim 1 wherein the solution comprisesperfluoroperhydrophenanthrene.
 10. The method of claim 1 wherein saidcontacting step is applied for a time ranging from about 30 seconds toabout 1 hour.
 11. The method of claim 1 wherein said contacting step isat a temperature range of about 500° F. to about 700° F.
 12. The methodof claim 1 wherein said contacting step is applied to said coating aftersaid polyfluorocarbon coating has been sprayed, sintered or anycombination thereof.
 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising thestep of removing, none of, portions of, or all of the contacted coatedblade edges from said solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one or moredefluorination compounds.
 14. The method of claim 1 further comprisingthe step of providing uncontacted coated razor blade edges in saidsolution of C₁₄F₂₄ solvent comprising one or more defluorinationcompounds.
 15. The method of claim 1 wherein said contact step furthercomprises placing the blades in a vessel, sealing the vessel, placingthe solution in the vessel, heating the vessel, removing the solvent,and cooling the blades.
 16. The method of claim 1 wherein saidcontacting step partially removes said coating of said coated razorblades.
 17. The method of claim 1 wherein said solution of C₁₄F₂₄comprising one or more defluorination compounds further comprises PTFE.18. The method of claim 1 wherein said solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising oneor more defluorination compounds further comprises iron, carbon-basedsteel, stainless-steel, or particles, surfaces or compounds thereof. 19.The method of claim 1 wherein said solution of C₁₄F₂₄ comprising one ormore defluorination compounds further comprises a yellow color.
 20. Asolution for treating one or more coated razor blades comprising ayellow color.
 21. A method of treating one or more polyfluorocarboncoated razor blades comprising: contacting at least one polyfluorocarboncoated razor blade with a solution comprising one or more defluorinationcompounds.
 22. The method of claim 20 wherein said solution is C₁₄F₂₄.23. The method of claim 20 wherein said one or more defluorinationcompounds comprise C₁₄F_(n) wherein n=10 to 23.